One Year Masters in Architecture

The Master of Science in Architectural Studies enables students to develop specialized research skills to meet the challenges of tomorrow as an environmental design professional or academic.

The MS program is open to students holding a degree in architecture, as well as students with experience and degrees in allied fields who seek new ways to engage environmental design through advanced research skills. Students develop a specialized focus in one of the school’s program areas or craft their own focus through courses within the college and across campus. To earn this degree, students must complete a total of 32 hours of graduate credit. The program length varies from one to one-and-a-half years and, depending on focus area, may include fieldwork or internships.

Georgia Tech's Master of Architecture (M.Arch) program offers a professional degree that can be used to pursue a career in architecture or a related field. Through a curriculum that mixes design studios with history, theory, technology, and practise, the NAAB-accredited and STEM-designated program combines design and research.

The Masters of Science in Architectural Studies (MSAS) is a nonprofessional graduate degree program for advanced investigations in Sustainability, Historic Preservation, or Themed Environments. Applicants may also elect to develop a MSAS Planned Program in focus areas including Pedagogy, Acoustics, Computational Design, Advanced Building Information Modeling, or Building Science Technology. Location for application is dependent on the concentration area of specialization.

Masters in Architecture applicants may choose to earn a Graduate Certificate as an additional credential or they may earn a separate MSAS Concentration Degree.

Applicants to the Master of Science in Architectural Studies (MSAS) degree programs are reviewed application twice yearly. Please submit all application materials by March 1st to be considered for the fall semester, or by October 1st to be considered for admission in the following spring semester.

The 36-credit hour MSAS Concentration in Sustainable Design is a nonprofessional graduate degree program focused on social, ecological, and environmental issues related to resilient and regenerative planning and urbanism involving design, technology, public policy, and the environment.

The 36-credit hour MSAS Concentration in Sustainable Architecture is a post-professional graduate degree program focused on the social, ecological, and environmental issues related to resilient, regenerative architecture and the city involving design, technology, public policy, building science, and the environment.

The -credit hour Master of Science in Architectural Studies (MSAS) is a Planned Program leading to a nonprofessional degree for advanced investigations in a focus area related to Architecture proposed by the applicant.

Joint degrees with the Yale School of Architecture.

Architecture is directed to individuals who wish to become leaders in sustainable architecture and ecological design, with a focus on the integration of ecological science, energy systems, and global urbanization patterns with architecture and urbanism. Capitalizing on the breadth and depth of expertise at the School of the Environment in ecosystem ecology, land change science, environmental economics, industrial ecology, and ecological anthropology, this program fosters students who can innovatively merge ecological science with architecture at the site, city, and regional scales.

Master of Architecture I or Master of Architecture II. MArch II is designed for professional architects.

Pursuing a joint program reduces the term of study by one year. The MEM MArch I program requires four years instead of five. The MEM MArch II requires three years instead of four.

Each environment degree program requires a completion of 36 credits as well as a summer internship and a thesis or a capstone project. In addition, all joint-degree students are required to attend three weeks of technical skills training before beginning their studies at YSE. These are hands-on workshops, offered every August, that teach plant identification, ecosystems management, land measurement, and urban ecosystem analysis.

At the School of Architecture, MArch I is composed of core courses and electives, three summer courses, and a first year building project. Students must complete five terms of design studio plus a final advanced design studio, with the first four terms taken sequentially. MArch II students take three terms of design studio plus a final advanced design studio, with the first two terms taken consecutively.

Each school individually admits students in accordance with its own criteria. Prospective students may program prior to matriculation by submitting a separate application to each school during a single admissions cycle.

Students pay tuition for three semesters at YSE, and three semesters at the School of Architecture for MArch II and five semesters for MArch I. Students must apply for financial aid at each school, and any aid awarded will semesters in which a student is enrolled at that particular school.

MArch (I or II).

This full six-semester professional curriculum is for students holding baccalaureate degrees with majors in architecture and with majors other than architecture. The program begins with a series of core studios and courses before students progress into the advanced studio sequence. This 105-credit program leads to a professionally accredited Master of Architecture degree.

Students admitted to the MArch 3 program have the opportunity to waive the following courses:.

Architectural History I: Antiquity to Baroque (ARCH 4280).

Architectural History II: Architecture Since 1880 (ARCH 4284).

In other words, students may not skip a required course on the assumption that they will receive a waiver for it in the future.

Any such waiver requires evidence that the student had adequate exposure to the required material as part of their previous academic experience. Equivalence is measured in terms of both content and assignments. Waivers will not be granted for courses taken pass fail. To be eligible for a waiver, prior course work must have been passed with the equivalent of a grade of C or higher. Grades for waived courses will not appear on the student Washington University record and will not figure into the student GPA.

Up to 6 credits (two courses) of waivers can be applied toward required degree credits. If than two waivers are granted, the student must earn an equivalent number of general elective credits in place of the courses being waived.

The order in which students take their courses may vary. Students admitted to the MArch 3 program have the opportunity to waive some courses.

History Theory Elective: Case Studies or Research Writing (identified with GACS or GARW attributes).

Students in the MArch 3 program must earn a cumulative studio grade point average (GPA) of 2.5 or higher by the end of the 317 318 first-year core studio sequence. Students who do not fulfill this cumulative studio GPA requirement must repeat at least one of the first-year core studios and raise their cumulative studio GPA to 2.5 or higher before being permitted to enroll in their final core studio, 419.

Students who do not fulfill this cumulative studio GPA requirement must take a leave of absence in the spring semester, repeat the 419 studio the following academic year, and raise their cumulative studio GPA to 2.6 or higher before being permitted to enroll in the vertical options studio sequence.

Students should not register for additional course work once Degree Project has been completed. Students should plan to complete all outstanding degree requirements during their Degree Project semester.

Students who have not fulfilled this cumulative studio GPA requirement must repeat an options studio and raise their cumulative studio GPA to 2.7 or higher before being permitted to enroll in Degree Project.

The option to repeat a studio is contingent on a student having met the requirements of Academic Probation. A suspension or dismissal that is a result of the Academic Probation policy takes precedence over this Studio Grade Requirement policy.

For a list of available courses, please refer to the Courses section of the Graduate School of Architecture Urban Design in this Bulletin.

Students pursuing a Master of Architecture degree have the opportunity to participate in a study abroad program that provides an immersive experience in a city distinguished by its architecture, social policies, urbanism, and public space. Students complete the 511 or 611 comprehensive architecture studio during the semester-long program.

MArch students with 419 status or higher in the semester prior to study, in good academic standing, and a cumulative grade-point average of 3.0 or higher can sign up to study abroad. Priority is given to students with higher studio levels and GPAs.

Students can participate in one study abroad program.

Hines College of Architecture and Design.

Effective July 1, 2019, the University of Houston Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture and Design is pleased to offer STEM-designated professional degree programs with our Master of Science (MS) degree in Architecture and Master of Architecture (MARCH) degree in Architecture, approved by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board.

Darpan came to LTU as an international student from India. Always drawn to healthcare design, he planned to pursue U.S. licensure in the M.Arch program.

He conducted a programming study of the proposed nature center and what it could include in terms of architectural spaces. Modeling a building for the Detroit Zoological Society, he included public spaces, animal enclosures, and support areas.

Today, Darpan is an Architectural Designer at Alexander V. Bogaerts Associates in Bloomfield Hills. Though he currently designs residential spaces and has dabbled in commercial design, he plans to focus on healthcare design after the pandemic.

Master of Architecture Grad Student at Lawrence Tech University.

MIC: Austin-Based Film Festivals Panel March 21.

David has a Bachelors degree in Physics from Trinity College Dublin, Ireland and a Masters of Science degree in Technology Management from Pepperdine University in California, focusing on the management of high tech resources and international business.

Celebrating 26 years, Cine Las Américas, offers theatrical screenings of films made by and or Latinos or indigenous peoples of the Americas. Films from Spain and Portugal are also included, enhancing a truly Pan-American cinematic experience. The organization schedules film screenings throughout the year and produces the Las Américas International Film Festival, (May 15-19, 2024).

Gabriel experience focuses on managing cultural arts programs and events, venue coordination, and supporting the performing arts. He resides in Austin, TX and grew up in the border city of El Paso, TX, USA.

The Rice School of Architecture focuses on the scholarship and practice of architecture as a broad discipline that touches the lives, cultures, and environments of peoples of the world.

Rice Architecture Bachelor of Architecture (BArch) and Master of Architecture (MArch) degree programs are accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB), which accredits professional degrees in architecture offered by institutions with U.S. Education recognized accreditation.

Bachelor of Arts (BA) Degree with a Major in Architecture.

Bachelor of Arts (BA) Degree with a Major in Architectural Studies.

Master of Science (MS) Degree in the field of Architecture.

ARCH 101 PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE I ORDER.

Description: This introductory studio frames architecture as a discipline through a set of short problems that examine the relationship between formal and spatial ordering, technical and material concepts, and issues of use and program, culminating in a small synthetic project. Department Permission Required.

ARCH 102 PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE II REPRESENTATION.

This studio introduces and explores the tools and concepts of notation and representation in architecture and how they serve as instruments of inquiry in a design processes. The use of precedents is a focus early in the semester, in which students analyze a project and its formal concepts that inform the design of a small architectural project in n the second part of the course.

Description: This introductory course in environmental studies helps students to better understand the complex interrelationship between human cultures and their social and physical environments. Lectures and assignments draw upon the methods and expertise of architecture, the humanities and the social sciences. This is a core course of Rice Environmental Studies minor. Cross-list: ENST 100.

ARCH 201 PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE III ORGANIZATION.

The potentials of different structural systems in relationship to programmatic diagrams are foregrounded to develop an architectural proposal for a public program of medium size.

ARCH 202 PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE IV EFFECTS.

Description: The course will introduce students to historical and contemporary structures through multi-media presentations, computer-based visualizations, field trips, and hands-on experiments with materials of construction and physical models of structures. This course also addresses sustainability issues specific to structural systems such as embodied energy, life-cycle cost, and material recycling. It is intended for first or second year students interested in both civil engineering and architecture. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 207 if student has credit for ARCH 507.

Description: Introduction to architectural thought. Lectures and discussions focusing on practice and ideas that have exercised a significant influence on the discourse and production of architecture and urbanism. Cross-list: HART 225. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 225 if student has credit for ARCH 525.

Course Type: Internship Practicum, Laboratory, Lecture, Seminar, Independent Study.

Description: Topics and credit hours may vary each semester. Repeatable for Credit.

This typically travel focused studio develops a large and complex architectural project in an urban context, examining through design the relationship between a specific locale and culture on the one hand and on the other a global economy and discipline.

Description: This course is designed to increase awareness and appreciation of broad range of architectural issues through lectures, comparative building studies, design exercises, readings, and discussion. Intended for non-majors in architecture, the course will provide students the opportunity to understand the architectural design process through hands-on experience.

Description: This course is the second part of the introduction to contemporary building structures. The topics covered are the design of concrete structures and design of specialized structures including tilt wall, long span, and high rise. Each structural type is explored in terms of overall performance, design of individual components, and the relation of structure to other building subsystems such as foundations, enclosure, and interiors. Recommended Prerequisite(s): Prior completion of Technology I. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 309 if student has credit for ARCH 509.

Description: This course consists of a series of illustrated lectures and walking tours that describe and analyze the architecture of Houston from the city founding in 1836 to the present. Characteristic building types and exceptional works of architecture are identified tours stimulate an awareness of the historical dimension of urban sites. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 311 if student has credit for ARCH 611.

ARCH 313 CASE STUDIES IN SUSTAINABLE DESIGN.

Description: This course will explore sustainable design from initial sustainable facility concepts and team organizations, to enlisting community support and process assessment. The course will develop into details sustainable design, lessons learned, processes and outcomes. Space is limited and registration does not guarantee a space in this course. Cross-list: ENST 313. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 313 if student has credit for ARCH 613.

This course examines the interaction of those assemblies with natural forces such as temperature, moisture, and solar radiation and the details of construction which have evolved to mitigate them. The subject matter includes both traditional building exterior wall and roof construction and newer technologies such as rainscreen, green roof, and building surface media systems. This course addresses sustainability issues related to enclosure systems through energy cost and carbon footprint analysis. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 314 if student has credit for ARCH 514.

Description: This course addresses building environmental systems including power, water, and wastewater with an emphasis on air condition systems. Sustainability issues related to environmental systems such as energy conservational and life cycle costs are also addressed. This is the fourth required course in the architectural technology sequence. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 316 if student has credit for ARCH 516.

ARCH 321 CASE STUDIES IN SUSTAINABILITY: THE HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING.

Description: The project-based seminar will provide a means by which all those with an interest in the building science entailed in the design of commercial, institutional, and residential structures can investigate common issues, obtain information, discuss local strategies, and otherwise address subjects relating to building or campus performance over its lifecycle. To develop an approach of taking an existing Rice University building an optimizing its use via repositioning or redesign the class will create an interdisciplinary forum where students of architecture, engineering (structural, mechanical, etc.), and human sciences will potentially collaborate with professional building consultants, materials manufactures, contractors, developers, owners, and Rice campus facility managers Cross-list: ENST 321. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 321 if student has credit for ARCH 621.

ARCH 322 CASE STUDIES IN SUSTAINABILITY: THE REGENERATIVE REPOSITIONING OF NEW OR EXISTING RICE CAMPUS BLDGS.

Description: This course will explore application of high performance, sustainable design to specific Rice University campus and facility targets. In partnership with Rice University leadership, the team effort will develop regenerative redesign approaches based on investigation of other campuses' case study. Space is limited and registration does not guarantee a space in this course. Cross-list: ENST 322. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 322 if student has credit for ARCH 622.

Each section is a different seminar topic. Space is limited and registration does not guarantee a space in this course. Repeatable for Credit.

Elective courses and course sequences will be formatted to address the specific requirements of each project as required. Space is limited, and registration does not guarantee a space in this course. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 327 if student has credit for ARCH 627. Repeatable for Credit.

Elective courses and course sequences will be formatted to address the specific requirements of each project as required. Space is limited, and registration does not guarantee a space in this course. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 0 if student has credit for ARCH 630. Repeatable for Credit.

Description: Large, introductory-level course in lecture discussion format on topics related to current research in architecture. Repeatable for Credit.

ARCH 345 FOUNDATIONS IN THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE I (1450-1850).

Description: Lectures and discussions focusing on significant architectural and urban practices and ideas formulated before 1850. Cross-list: HART 345. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 345 if student has credit for ARCH 235 ARCH 535.

ARCH 346 FOUNDATIONS IN THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE II (1850-1950).

Description: Lectures and discussions focusing on significant architectural and urban practices and ideas formulated be 1850 and 1950. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 346 if student has credit for ARCH 6 ARCH 536.

Description: Small, focused, introductory-level course in discussion, workshop and or design-based format on topics related to current research in architecture. Space is limited and registration does not guarantee a space in this course. Repeatable for Credit.

ARCH 352 FOUNDATIONS IN THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE III (1950-2000).

Description: Lectures and discussions focusing on significant architectural and urban practices between 1950 and 2000. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 352 if student has credit for ARCH 7 ARCH 537.

Description: Exploration of a variety of photographic techniques for architectural research, design, and presentation. Space is limited and registration does not guarantee a space in this course. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 353 if student has credit for ARCH 653.

Description: The object of this workshop is to explore, practice and develop a series of drawing methods and techniques in the context of the architectural design process. The course will consist of a combination of lectures demonstrations, in-class drawing exercises, and out-of-class assignments. Two sketch books (one at mid-term and one at the end of the semester) will also be required. Attendance is critical. Please come to the first class prepared to draw with pen and an 8 1 2 x 11 or 9 x 12 sketch pad. Space is limited and registration does not guarantee a space in this course. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 363 if student has credit for ARCH 663. Repeatable for Credit.

ARCH 366 RIO DE JANEIRO: A SOCIAL AND ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY.

Description: Study of advanced problems in various sculptural media. Limited enrollment. Cross-list: ARTS 366.

Description: This course challenges our pre-conceived maps of the world, highlighting Latin America place within our understanding of modernity as a product of transnational interconnections. Transversing the Atlantic, this course traces the interactions of capitalism and culture, science and aesthetics, and the ideologies that informed and formed the urban fabric and spatial politics of important cities in the modern Latin world Paris, Rio de Janeiro, Rome, Buenos Aires, Barcelona, Havana, and Brasilia. Cross-list: HART 375. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 375 if student has credit for ARCH 675.

Description: Over the past decades, the conception of books has become an integral part of any architectural practice. This seminar aims to introduce students to the book as a means to think the production of space, and as a critical vessel to discuss and disseminate architectural ideas. In the first part of the seminar students will engage in an in-depth analysis of seminal architectural publications, considering their historical background, conceptual background and introducing such topics as typography and layout and in-class discussions of relevant literature. The second part will be dedicated to the actual building of a small architectural publication, which will reflect critical and editorial skills as well as the craft of bookmaking. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 376 if student has credit for ARCH 676.

Description: Topics and credit hours vary each semester. Repeatable for Credit. Department Permission Required. Repeatable for Credit.

ARCH 401 ADVANCED TOPICS IN ARCHITECTURE THE METROPOLIS.

This studio focuses on a very large building program or urban scaled design, engaging the complexity of the communities and shared spaces of the emerging metropolis megalopolis.

ARCH 402 ADVANCED TOPICS IN ARCHITECTURE WILLIAM WARD WATKIN.

ARCH 423 PROFESSIONALISM AND MANAGEMENT IN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE.

Description: This course is required for the completion of the Bachelor of Architecture professional degree students may take the course in their fourth year of architectural study in the BA program or in their final year of study in the BArch program. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 423 if student has credit for ARCH 623.

ARCH 431 URBANISM: ARCHITECTURE AND THE CITY.

Description: The intention of a course on urbanism is to view architecture in light of the city. An assembly of theoretical considerations serves to construct a perspective that allows us to critically assess modern urbanization. The goal is to help students form their own perspective on the practice of architecture and to broaden their understanding of the relentless urbanization that dominates the modern world. Students are expected to read extensively, to be prepared to discuss topics of urbanism in class, to form two-person teams to read selected texts to be presented in class and to shape a term project that may take the form of a final paper or a design proposal dealing with suburban issues. Grades are based on class participation, the reading project and the term project. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 431 if student has credit for ARCH 631.

Description: Small, focused, intermediate-level course in discussion, workshop and or design-based format on topics related to current research in architecture. Space is limited and registration does not guarantee a space in this course. Repeatable for Credit.

ARCH 455 HOUSING AND URBAN PROGRAMS: ISSUES IN POLICY.

Description: This course will explore current issues in the formulation and implementation of housing and urban development programs in the U.S. An oral presentation and written paper on a specific topic within a general policy area required.

Description: From an ongoing interest in the book as a physical object, to the exploration of its potentials expanding into a four-dimensional digital realm, to rapidly changing demands for the storage and retrieval of knowledge, this master class will provide a platform to engage experts from various disciplines in a debate on the shifting futures of the book. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 456 if student has credit for ARCH 656.

Description: Full time internship for nine to twelve months under guidance of appointed preceptor. Required for all students enrolled in the Bachelor or Architecture degree program. Repeatable for Credit.

Description: The first in a sequence of four studios that foregrounds the relationship between form and program. By underscoring this pairing, the studio suggests that program and form amplify one another (rather than one superseding the other). The studio establishes a foundation in visual culture through examples in architecture and other design disciplines, art, and art history, as well as exercises in visual spatial discrimination.

Description: The second in a sequence of four studios that foregrounds the relationship between form, program, and technology.

Description: The third in a sequence of four studios that foregrounds the relationship between form, program, and technology.

Description: The fourth in a sequence of four studios that foregrounds the relationship between form, program, and technology.

Description: The course will introduce students to historical and contemporary structures through multi-media presentations, computer-based visualizations, field trips, and hands-on experiments with materials of construction and physical models of structures. This course also addresses sustainability issues specific to structural systems such as embodied energy, life-cycle cost, and material recycling. It is intended for first year graduate students in architecture. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 507 if student has credit for ARCH 207.

Description: This course is the second part of the introduction to contemporary building structures. The topics covered are the design of concrete structures and design of specialized structures including tilt wall, long span, and high rise. Each structural type is explored in terms of overall performance, design of individual components, and the relation of structure to other building subsystems such as foundations, enclosure, and interiors. Recommended Prerequisite(s): Prior completion of Technology I. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 509 if student has credit for ARCH 309.

This course examines the interaction of those assemblies with natural forces such as temperature, moisture, and solar radiation and the details of construction which have evolved to mitigate them. The subject matter includes both traditional building exterior wall and roof construction and newer technologies such as rainscreen, green roof, and building surface media systems. This course addresses sustainability issues related to enclosure systems through energy cost and carbon footprint analysis. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 514 if student has credit for ARCH 314.

Description: This course addresses building environmental systems including power, water, and wastewater with an emphasis on air condition systems. Sustainability issues related to environmental systems such as energy conservational and life cycle costs are also addressed. This is the fourth required course in the architectural technology sequence. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 516 if student has credit for ARCH 316.

Description: Seminar combines primary and secondary sources to explore the urban experiences of Ottoman men and women in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Looking at several cities including Istanbul, Izmir, Salonika, Damascus, Aleppo and Alexandria, we will discuss such issues as neighborhood and community life, public spaces and recreational culture perceptions of space, urban institutions, Muslim and non-Muslim relations, migration and marginality, violence and death. Reading knowledge of French and or Turkish helpful but not necessary. For each lecture, Graduate Students will be assigned additional readings. They will write an annotated bibliography of all these readings to be turned in at the end of the semester. Graduate Students will be expected to complete all the requirements of the class in addition to writing a substantial research paper due at the end of the semester. Cross-list: HART 508. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 518 if student has credit for ARCH 318.

Description: A seminar on key topics of the study of visual cultures in the medieval and early modern Muslim world focused on specific works of art. Politics of architectural patronage, dissemination of visual languages, calligraphy, ornament and figural representation in Islam, cross-cultural exchanges and trans-religious iconographies are among the topics discussed. For each lecture, Graduate Students will be assigned additional readings. They will write an annotated bibliography of all these reading to be turned in at the end of the semester. Graduate Students will be expected to complete all the requirements of the class in addition to writing a substantial research paper due at the end of the semester. Cross-list: HART 522. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 522 if student has credit for ARCH 2.

Space is limited and registration does not guarantee a space in this course. Repeatable for Credit.

Description: Introduction to architectural thought. Lectures and discussions focusing on practice and ideas that have exercised a significant influence on the discourse and production of architecture and urbanism. Cross-list: HART 545. Mutually Exclusive: Cannot register for ARCH 525 if student has credit for ARCH 225.

Description: Practical work experience for students who have completed at least four semesters in the Option I Program prior to their entrance into the regular Master of Architecture studio sequence. Repeatable for Credit.

Description: Emphasis on abstract thought and design capabilities relevant to systematic processes of designing specific buildings and facilities. Note: there are three separate sections for this course. Repeatable for Credi

The Master of Architecture degree aims to attain and maintain educational, research, and creative excellence, to serve and transform our society and communities, to nurture the environment, to build our professional foundations, and to catalyse our aspirations, skills, and knowledge for the greater public good and its wellbeing.